Publications

Below are the publications from Jarrett Byrnes, PI of the CELP lab.

References

Byrnes, J. E. K., & Dee, L. E. (2025). Causal Inference With Observational Data and Unobserved Confounding Variables. Ecology Letters, 28(1), e70023. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70023

Cavanaugh, K. C., Bell, T. W., Aerni, K. E., Byrnes, J. E. K., McCammon, S., & Smith, M. M. (2025). New Technologies for Monitoring Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics. Annual Review of Marine Science, 17(Volume 17, 2025), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040523-020221

Correia, H. E., Dee, L. E., Byrnes, J. E. K., Fieberg, J., Fortin, M.-J., Glymour, C., Runge, J., Shipley, B., Shpitser, I., Siegel, K. J., Sugihara, G., Holle, B. von, & Ferraro, P. J. (2025). Best practices for moving from correlation to causation in ecological research. https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/9361/

Dudney, J., Dee, L. E., Heilmayr, R., Byrnes, J., & Siegel, K. (2025). A Causal Inference Framework for Climate Change Attribution in Ecology. Ecology Letters, 28(8), e70192. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70192

Eger, A. M., Wood, G. V., & Byrnes, J. (2025). An Environmental Niche Exploration Tool for Kelp Forest Management. Ecology and Evolution, 15(6), e71459. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71459

Pérez-Matus, A., Micheli, F., Konar, B., Shears, N., Low, N. H. N., Okamoto, D. K., Wernberg, T., Krumhansl, K. A., Ling, S. D., Kingsford, M., Navarrete-Fernandez, T., Ruz, C. S., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2025). Kelp forests as nursery and foundational habitat for reef fishes. Ecology, 106(2), e70007. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70007

Byrnes, J. E. K., Brown, A., Sheridan, K., Peller, T., Lawlor, J., Beaulieu, J., Muñoz, J., Hesketh, A., Pereira, A., Knight, N. S., Super, L., Bledsoe, E. K., Burant, J. B., Dijkstra, J. A., & Benes, K. (2024). Notes from the past show how local variability can stymie urchins and the rise of the reds in the Gulf of Maine. Ecosphere, 15(4), e4800. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4800

Rosenthal, I. S., Simon, M. N., Trouille, L., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2024). A citizen science approach to teaching climate change in introductory-level undergraduate general science courses. Journal of Geoscience Education, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2023.2292945

Suskiewicz, T. S., Byrnes, J. E. K., Steneck, R. S., Russell, R., Wilson, C. J., & Rasher, D. B. (2024). Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery-induced trophic cascade. Ecology, 105(7), e4334. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4334

Byrnes, J. E. K., Roger, F., & Bagchi, R. (2023). Understandable multifunctionality measures using Hill numbers. Oikos, 2023(2), e09402. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.09402

Dee, L. E., Ferraro, P. J., Severen, C. N., Kimmel, K. A., Borer, E. T., Byrnes, J. E. K., Clark, A. T., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Raynaud, X., Reich, P. B., Wright, A. J., Arnillas, C. A., Davies, K. F., MacDougall, A., Mori, A. S., Smith, M. D., Adler, P. B., Bakker, J. D., … Loreau, M. (2023). Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference. Nature Communications, 14(1), 2607. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37194-5

Eger, A. M., Marzinelli, E. M., Beas-Luna, R., Blain, C. O., Blamey, L. K., Byrnes, J. E. K., Carnell, P. E., Choi, C. G., Hessing-Lewis, M., Kim, K. Y., Kumagai, N. H., Lorda, J., Moore, P., Nakamura, Y., Pérez-Matus, A., Pontier, O., Smale, D., Steinberg, P. D., & Vergés, A. (2023). The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests. Nature Communications, 14(1), 1894. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37385-0

McClain, C. R., Bryant, S. R. D., Hanks, G., & Byrnes, J. (2023). Disentangling mechanisms of species–energy relationships in experimental deep-sea wood falls. Ecosphere, 14(10), e4667. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4667

Roy, M. S., Byrnes, J. E. K., & Mavrommati, G. (2023). Mitigation policies buffer multiple climate stressors in a socio-ecological salt marsh habitat. Sustainability Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01414-0

Shaughnessy, B. K., Jackson, B. P., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2023). Evidence of elevated heavy metals concentrations in wild and farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in New England. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 17644. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44685-4

Byrnes, J. E. K., Brown, A., Sheridan, K., Peller, T., Lawlor, J., Beaulieu, J., Muñoz-Z, J., Hesketh, A., Pereira, A., & Knight, N. S. (2022). Notes from the Past Show How Local Variability can Stymie Urchins and the Rise of the Reds in the Gulf of Maine. https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/3759/

Byrnes, J. E. K., Dissly, L., & Bosma, K. (2022). Surprising Abundant Mussel Beds in the Center of Boston Harbor in the Midst of a Regional Die-Back. https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/3784/

Filbee-Dexter, K., Feehan, C. J., Smale, D. A., Krumhansl, K. A., Augustine, S., Bettignies, F. de, Burrows, M. T., Byrnes, J. E. K., Campbell, J., Davoult, D., Dunton, K. H., Franco, J. N., Garrido, I., Grace, S. P., Hancke, K., Johnson, L. E., Konar, B., Moore, P. J., Norderhaug, K. M., … Wernberg, T. (2022). Kelp carbon sink potential decreases with warming due to accelerating decomposition. PLOS Biology, 20(8), e3001702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001702

Ganley, L. C., Byrnes, J., Pendleton, D. E., Mayo, C. A., Friedland, K. D., Redfern, J. V., Turner, J. T., & Brault, S. (2022). Effects of changing temperature phenology on the abundance of a critically endangered baleen whale. Global Ecology and Conservation, 38, e02193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02193

Mantha, K. B., Sankar, R., Zheng, Y., Fortson, L., Pengo, T., Mashek, D., Sanders, M., Christensen, T., Salisbury, J., Trouille, L., Byrnes, J. E. K., Rosenthal, I., Houskeeper, H., & Cavanaugh, K. (2022). From fat droplets to floating forests: Cross-domain transfer learning using a PatchGAN-based segmentation model. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.03937

Hensel, M. J. S., Silliman, B. R., Koppel, J. van de, Hensel, E., Sharp, S. J., Crotty, S. M., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2021). A large invasive consumer reduces coastal ecosystem resilience by disabling positive species interactions. Nature Communications, 12(1), 6290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26504-4

Wong, R., Roy, M., & Byrnes, J. (2021). Sediment selection: Range-expanding fiddler crabs are better burrowers than their historic-range counterparts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 674, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13811

Kirshen, P., Borrelli, M., Byrnes, J., Chen, R., Lockwood, L., Watson, C., Starbuck, K., Wiggin, J., Novelly, A., Uiterwyk, K., Thurson, K., McMann, B., Foster, C., Sprague, H., Roberts, H. J., Bosma, K., Jin, D., & Herst, R. (2020). Integrated assessment of storm surge barrier systems under present and future climates and comparison to alternatives: A case study of Boston, USA. Climatic Change, 162(2), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02781-8

Lyman, T. P., Elsmore, K., Gaylord, B., Byrnes, J. E. K., & Miller, L. P. (2020). Open Wave Height Logger: An open source pressure sensor data logger for wave measurement. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10370

Blowes, S. A., Supp, S. R., Antão, L. H., Bates, A., Bruelheide, H., Chase, J. M., Moyes, F., Magurran, A., McGill, B., Myers-Smith, I. H., Winter, M., Bjorkman, A. D., Bowler, D. E., Byrnes, J. E. K., Gonzalez, A., Hines, J., Isbell, F., Jones, H. P., Navarro, L. M., … Dornelas, M. (2019). The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial assemblages. Science, 366(6463), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1620

Chase, J. M., McGill, B. J., Thompson, P. L., Antão, L. H., Bates, A. E., Blowes, S. A., Dornelas, M., Gonzalez, A., Magurran, A. E., Supp, S. R., Winter, M., Bjorkman, A. D., Bruelheide, H., Byrnes, J. E. K., Cabral, J. S., Elahi, R., Gomez, C., Guzman, H. M., Isbell, F., … O’Connor, M. (2019). Species richness change across spatial scales. Oikos, 128(8), 1079–1091. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05968

Duffy, J. E., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Trinanes, J., Muller-Karger, F. E., Ambo-Rappe, R., Boström, C., Buschmann, A. H., Byrnes, J., Coles, R. G., Creed, J., Cullen-Unsworth, L. C., Diaz-Pulido, G., Duarte, C. M., Edgar, G. J., Fortes, M., Goni, G., Hu, C., Huang, X., Hurd, C. L., … Yaakub, S. M. (2019). Toward a Coordinated Global Observing System for Seagrasses and Marine Macroalgae. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00317

Grace, J. B., Johnson, D. J., Lefcheck, J. S., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2018). Quantifying relative importance: Computing standardized effects in models with binary outcomes. Ecosphere, 9(6), e02283. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2283

Kirshen, P., Thurson, K., McMann, B., Foster, C., Sprague, H., Roberts, H., Borelli, M., Byrnes, J. E. K., Chen, R., Lockwood, L., Watson, C., Starbuck, K., Wiggin, J., Novelly, A., Ulterwyk, K., Bostoma, K., Holmes, E., Stromer, Z., Famely, J., … Humphries, C. (2018). Feasibility of Harbor-wide Barrier Systems. Sustainable Solutions Lab, University of Massachusetts Boston. http://books.google.com/books?id=ndHmtwEACAAJ&dq=intitle:Feasibility+of+Harbor+wide+BarrierSystems&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api

Rosenthal, I. S., Byrnes, J. E. K., Cavanaugh, K. C., Bell, T. W., Harder, B., Haupt, A. J., Rassweiler, A. T. W., Pérez-Matus, A., Assis, J., Swanson, A., Boyer, A., McMaster, A., & Trouille, L. (2018). Floating Forests: Quantitative Validation of Citizen Science Data Generated From Consensus Classifications. arXiv:1801.08522 [Physics, q-Bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.08522

Bowen, J. L., Kearns, P. J., Byrnes, J. E. K., Wigginton, S., Allen, W. J., Greenwood, M., Tran, K., Yu, J., Cronin, J. T., & Meyerson, L. A. (2017). Lineage overwhelms environmental conditions in determining rhizosphere bacterial community structure in a cosmopolitan invasive plant. Nature Communications, 8(1), 501. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v069.i01

Dunic, J. C., Elahi, R., Hensel, M. J. S., Kearns, P. J., O’Connor, M. I., Acuña, D., Honig, A., Wilson, A. R., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2017). Human activities influence the direction and magnitude of local biodiversity change over time. bioRxiv, 162362. https://doi.org/10.1101/162362

Mora, F., Jaramillo, V. J., Bhaskar, R., Gavito, M., Siddique, I., Byrnes, J. E. K., & Balvanera, P. (2017). Carbon Accumulation in Neotropical Dry Secondary Forests: The Roles of Forest Age and Tree Dominance and Diversity. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0168-2

Gonzalez, A., Cardinale, B. J., Allington, G. R. H., Byrnes, J., Arthur Endsley, K., Brown, D. G., Hooper, D. U., Isbell, F., O’Connor, M. I., & Loreau, M. (2016). Estimating local biodiversity change: A critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversity. Ecology, 97(8), 1949–1960. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1759.1

Krumhansl, K. A., Okamoto, D. K., Rassweiler, A., Novak, M., Bolton, J. J., Cavanaugh, K. C., Connell, S. D., Johnson, C. R., Konar, B., Ling, S. D., Micheli, F., Norderhaug, K. M., Pérez-Matus, A., Sousa-Pinto, I., Reed, D. C., Salomon, A. K., Shears, N. T., Wernberg, T., Anderson, R. J., … Byrnes, J. E. K. (2016). Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(48), 13785–13790. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606102113

O’Connor, M. I., Gonzalez, A., Byrnes, J. E. K., Cardinale, B. J., Duffy, J. E., Gamfeldt, L., Griffin, J. N., Hooper, D., Hungate, B. A., Paquette, A., Thompson, P. L., Dee, L. E., & Dolan, K. L. (2016). A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level. Oikos, 126(1), n-a-n-a. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.03652

Rogers, T. L., Byrnes, J. E., & Stachowicz, J. J. (2016). Native predators limit invasion of benthic invertebrate communities in Bodega Harbor, California, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 545, 161–173. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11611

Finnegan, S., Anderson, S. C., Harnik, P. G., Simpson, C., Tittensor, D. P., Byrnes, J. E., Finkel, Z. V., Lindberg, D. R., Liow, L. H., Lockwood, R., Lotze, H. K., McClain, C. R., McGuire, J. L., O’Dea, A., & Pandolfi, J. M. (2015). Paleontological baselines for evaluating extinction risk in the modern oceans. Science, 348(6234), 567–570. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6635

Foster, M. C., Byrnes, J. E. K., & Reed, D. C. (2015). Effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on consumption, growth, and gonad weight, in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PeerJ, 3, e719. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.719

Gamfeldt, L., Lefcheck, J. S., Byrnes, J. E. K., Cardinale, B. J., Duffy, J. E., & Griffin, J. N. (2015). Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: What’s known and what’s next? Oikos, 124(3), 252–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.01549

Lefcheck, J. S., Byrnes, J., Isbell, F., & Gamfeldt, L. (2015). Biodiversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality across trophic levels and habitats. Nature. https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/ncomms7936

Orzechowski, E. A., Lockwood, R., Byrnes, J. E. K., Anderson, S. C., Finnegan, S., Finkel, Z. V., Harnik, P. G., Lindberg, D. R., Liow, L. H., Lotze, H. K., McClain, C. R., McGuire, J. L., O’Dea, A., Pandolfi, J. M., Simpson, C., & Tittensor, D. P. (2015). Marine extinction risk shaped by trait-environment interactions over 500 million years. Global Change Biology, n/a–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12963

Witman, J. D., Lamb, R. W., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2015). Towards an integration of scale and complexity in marine ecology. Ecological Monographs, 85(4), 475–504. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2265.1

Balvanera, P., Siddique, I., Dee, L., Paquette, A., Isbell, F., Gonzalez, A., Byrnes, J., O’Connor, M. I., Hungate, B. A., & Griffin, J. N. (2014). Linking Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Current Uncertainties and the Necessary Next Steps. Bioscience, 64(1), 49–57. http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/64/1/49.abstract?keytype=ref&ijkey=wxdyBtBIImUmeKu

Bradford, M. A., Wood, S. A., Bardgett, R. D., Black, H. I. J., Bonkowski, M., Eggers, T., Grayston, S. J., Kandeler, E., Manning, P., Setälä, H., & Jones, T. H. (2014). Reply to Byrnes et al.: Aggregation can obscure understanding of ecosystem multifunctionality. PNAS, 111(51), E5491–E5491. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421203112

Byrnes, J. E. K., Gamfeldt, L., Isbell, F., Lefcheck, J. S., Griffin, J. N., Hector, A., Cardinale, B. J., Hooper, D. U., Dee, L. E., & Emmett Duffy, J. (2014). Investigating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality: Challenges and solutions. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12143

Byrnes, J. E. K., Haupt, A. J., & Lyman, T. (2014). Kelp forest communities at Appledore Island, the Boston Harbor Islands, and Salem Sound. Kelp Ecosystem Ecology Network. http://catalogue-temperatereefbase.imas.utas.edu.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/metadata.show?uuid=a869dfaa-59a7-4d2f-aaa6-47c2dae5741a

Byrnes, J. E. K., Haupt, A. J., Reed, D. C., Wernberg, T., Pérez-Matus, A., Shears, N. T., Konar, B., Gagnon, P., Vergés, A., & Adriana. (2014). Kelp Ecosystem Ecology Network Monitoring Handbook. https://github.com/kelpecosystems/materials

Byrnes, J. E. K., Ranganathan, J., Walker, B. L. E., & Faulkes, Z. (2014). To Crowdfund Research, Scientists Must Build an Audience for Their Work. PloS One, 9(12), e110329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110329

Byrnes, J., Lefcheck, J. S., Gamfeldt, L., Griffin, J. N., Isbell, F., & Hector, A. (2014). Multifunctionality does not imply that all functions are positively correlated. PNAS, 111(51), E5490. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419515112

Stewart, J. S., Hazen, E. L., Bograd, S. J., Byrnes, J. E. K., Foley, D. G., Gilly, W. F., Robison, B. H., & Field, J. C. (2014). Combined climate- and prey-mediated range expansion of Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas), a large marine predator in the California Current System. Global Change Biology, n/a–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12502

Bowen, J. L., Byrnes, J. E. K., Weisman, D., & Colaneri, C. (2013). Functional gene pyrosequencing and network analysis: An approach to examine the response of denitrifying bacteria to increased nitrogen supply in salt marsh sediments. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00342

Byrnes, J. E. K., Baskerville, E., Caron, B., Neylon, C., Tenopir, C., Schildhauer, M., Budden, A., Aarssen, L., & Lortie, C. J. (2013). The four pillars of scholarly publishing: The future and a foundation. PeerJ PrePrints, 1, e11. https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.11

Byrnes, J. E. K., Cardinale, B. J., & Reed, D. C. (2013). Interactions between sea urchin grazing and prey diversity on temperate rocky reef communities. Ecology, 94(7), 1636–1646. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-2310.1

Byrnes, J. E., Johnson, L. E., Connell, S. D., Shears, N. T., McMillan, S. M., Irving, A., Buschmann, A. H., Graham, M. H., & Kinlan, B. P. (2013). The sea urchin – the ultimate herbivore and biogeographic variability in its ability to deforest kelp ecosystems. PeerJ PrePrints, 1, e174v1. https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.174v1

Griffin, J. N., Byrnes, J. E. K., & Cardinale, B. J. (2013). Effects of predator richness on prey suppression: A meta-analysis. Ecology, 94(10), 2180–2187. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0179.1

O’Connor, M. I., & Byrnes, J. E. K. (2013). Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Does Pattern Influence Process? In M. D. Bertness, J. F. Bruno, B. R. Silliman, & J. J. Stachowicz (Eds.), Marine Community Ecology and Conservation (pp. 109–130). Sinauer. message:%3C6911121A-9DFB-4666-AF5C-0F9F4B51E0DE@sinauer.com%3E

Hooper, D. U., Adair, E. C., Cardinale, B. J., Byrnes, J. E. K., Hungate, B. A., Matulich, K. L., Gonzalez, A., Duffy, J. E., Gamfeldt, L., & O’Connor, M. I. (2012). A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change. Nature, 486, 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11118

Wheat, R. E., Wang, Y., Byrnes, J. E., & Ranganathan, J. (2012). Raising money for scientific research through crowdfunding. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(2), 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.11.001

Byrnes, J. E., Reed, D. C., Cardinale, B. J., Cavanaugh, K. C., Holbrook, S. J., & Schmitt, R. J. (2011). Climate driven increases in storm frequency simplify kelp forest food webs. Global Change Biology, 17, 2513–2524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02409.x

Cardinale, B. J., Matulich, K. L., Hooper, D. U., Byrnes, J. E., Duffy, E., Gamfeldt, L., Balvanera, P., O’Connor, M. I., & Gonzalez, A. (2011). The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems. American Journal of Botany, 98(3), 572–592. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000364

Ponette-González, A. G., & Byrnes, J. E. (2011). Sustainable Science? Reducing the Carbon Impact of Scientific Mega-Meetings. Ethnobiology Letters, 2, 65–71.

Byrnes, J. E. (2010). The sem.additions package for R. http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/sem-additions/. http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/sem-additions/

Yang, L. H., Edwards, K. F., Byrnes, J. E., Bastow, J. L., Wright, A. N., & Spence, K. O. (2010). A meta-analysis of resource pulse-consumer interactions. Ecological Monographs, 80(1), 125–151. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1996.1

Byrnes, J. E., & Stachowicz, J. J. (2009). The consequences of consumer diversity loss: Different answers from different experimental designs. Ecology, 90(10), 2879–2888. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1073.1

Byrnes, J., & Stachowicz, J. J. (2009). Short and long term consequences of increases in exotic species richness on water filtration by marine invertebrates. Ecology Letters, 12(8), 830–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01339.x

Bullard, S. G., Lambert, G., Carman, M. R., Byrnes, J., Whitlatch, R. B., Ruiz, G., Miller, R. J., Harris, L., Valentine, P. C., Collie, J. S., Pederson, J., McNaught, D. C., Cohen, A. N., Asch, R. G., Dijkstra, J., & Heinonen, K. (2007). The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. A: Current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 342(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.020

Byrnes, J. E., Reynolds, P. L., & Stachowicz, J. J. (2007). Invasions and extinctions reshape coastal marine food webs. PloS One, 2(3), e295. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000295

Hughes, A. R., Byrnes, J. E., Kimbro, D. L., & Stachowicz, J. J. (2007). Reciprocal relationships and potential feedbacks between biodiversity and disturbance. Ecology Letters, 10(9), 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01075.x

Byrnes, J., Stachowicz, J. J., Hultgren, K. M., Randall Hughes, A., Olyarnik, S. V., & Thornber, C. S. (2006). Predator diversity strengthens trophic cascades in kelp forests by modifying herbivore behaviour. Ecology Letters, 9(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00842.x

Stachowicz, J. J., & Byrnes, J. E. (2006). Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning: Disentangling the influence of resource competition, facilitation, and extrinsic factors. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 311, 251–262. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps311251

Byrnes, J., & Witman, J. D. (2003). Impact assessment of an invasive flatworm, Convoluta convoluta, in the Southern Gulf of Maine. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 293(2), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00166-7